Properties and Thermal Stress Analysis of Blended Cement Self-Compacting Concrete

Properties and Thermal Stress Analysis of Blended Cement Self-Compacting Concrete

Self-Compacting concrete is a concrete that is able to flow and consolidate under its own weight, completely fill the formwork even in the presence of dense reinforcement, whilst maintaining homogeneity and without the need for any additional compaction. Self-Compacting concrete is achieved by using high proportions of powder content and super? plasticizers. Due to this, pronounced thermal cracking is anticipated. Thermal cracking in concrete structures is of great concern. The objective of this research is to carry out experiments and investigate fresh and hardened properties of SCC developed using a blend of ordinary Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), to evaluate the applicability of Japan Concrete Institute (JCI) model? equations and? to find out any similarities and differences between Self-? Compacting concrete and normal vibrated concrete—Portland blast furnace slag concrete class B. Thermal stress analysis of the proposed Self-Compacting concrete and normal vibrated concretes were investigated by simulation using 3D FEM analysis. To carry out these objectives, concrete properties such as autogenous shrinkage, adiabatic temperature rise, drying shrinkage, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength and compressive strength were determined through experiments. From experimental results, it was observed that except for the fresh properties, the hardened properties of Self-Compacting exhibit similar characteristics to those of normal vibrated concrete at almost similar water to binder ratios. It was also established that Self-Compacting concrete at W/B of 32% with a 50% replacement of ground granulated blast furnace slag has better thermal cracking resistance than SCC with 30% GGBFS replacement. It is also found that provided the relevant constants are derived from experimental data, JCI model equations can be applied successfully to evaluate hardened properties of Self-Compacting concrete.

Major Determinants of Prices Increase of Building Materials on Ghanaian Construction Market

Major Determinants of Prices Increase of Building Materials on Ghanaian Construction Market

Prices increase of building materials is a common trend in both developed and developing countries. The prices increase of building materials results in high cost of housing. The aim of this study is to identify the major determinants of prices increase of building materials on Ghanaian construction market, and also to assess the relationship between the independent variables of the prices increase. A five-point Likert scale was used for the study; from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). The variables in the questionnaire were ranked based on the response of the participants of the study using Mean Response Analysis (MRA) statistics. Spearman correlation matrix was used to determine the relationship between the variables of prices increase of building materials. Crude oil prices, energy cost, local taxes and charges, cost of fuel and power supply, high running cost, high prices of raw materials, cost of transportation and the high cost of labor were found to be the major determinants of prices increase of building materials on Ghanaian construction market. The study further found multicollinearity relationship among variables of prices increase of building materials, of which the highest correlation coefficient was found between fast-growing demand due to high global economic growth and over-dependence on imported building materials. The study recommends that further research should be carried out to determine the control measures of increasing prices of building materials in Ghana.

Open Access Library Journal  5 2018 

Quarry Mud as Partial Replacement for Fine Combination (Sand) in Concrete

DOI: 10.4236/oalib.1104529, PP. 1-16

Sp. Aswinpalaniappan, G. Panneerselvam

Subject Areas: Civil Engineering

Keywords: Quarry Mud, Red Mud, Compressive Strength

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Abstract

Concrete production has resulted inside the accumulated that has to be compelled to confirm substitute material to sand as inside the assembly of concretes. Quarry mud, a by-product from the crushing methodology throughout production activities is one in each of such materials. Granite fines or rock mud can be a by-product obtained throughout crushing of granite rocks to boot observed as quarry mud. In recent days, there have been additionally several trials to use ash, academic degree industrial by product as partial replacement for cement to possess higher workability, future strength and to make the concrete lots of economically accessible. This gift work could be a trial to use Quarry mud as partial replacement for sand in concrete. Trials are created to review the properties of concrete and to research some properties of Quarry mud, the standard of those properties to alter them to be used partial replacement materials for sand in concrete.

Cite this paper

Aswinpalaniappan, S. and Panneerselvam, G. (2018). Quarry Mud as Partial Replacement for Fine Combination (Sand) in Concrete. Open Access Library Journal, 5, e4529. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1104529.

References

[1]	Abou-Zeid, M.N. and Fakhry, M.M. (2003) Short-Term Impact of High Aggregate Fines Content on Concrete Incorporating Water-Reducing Admixtures. ACI Materials Journal, 100, 280-285.
[2]	Ahmed Ahmed, E. and Ahemed Kourd, A.E. (1989) Properties of Concrete Incorporating Natural and Crushed Stone Very Fine Sand. ACI Material Journal, 86, 417-424.
[3]	Ahn, N. (2000) An Experimental Study on the Guidelines for Using Higher Contents of Aggregate Microfines in Portland Cement Concrete. PhD Dissertation, University of Texas, Austin.
[4]	Ahn, N. and Fowler, D.W. (2001) An Experimental Study on the Guidelines for Using Higher Contents of Aggregate Microfines in Portland Cement Concrete. International Center for Aggregates Research, Research Report ICAR 102-1F, 435.
[5]	Ahn, N. and Fowler, D.W. (2002) The Effects of High Fines on the Properties of Concrete. ICAR 10th Annual Symposium: Aggregates Asphalt Concrete, Portland Cement Concrete, Bases and Fines, 14-17 April 2002, Baltimore, 15 p.

INVESTICATION & FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE ON CONCRETE BEAM USING BAGASSE ASH

INVESTICATION &FLEXURAL PERFORMANCE ON CONCRETE BEAM USING BAGASSE ASH

The utilization of industrial and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has been the focus of waste reduction research for economical, environmental and technical reasons.  Bagasse ash is fibrous waste product of the sugar refining industry, these industrial wastes affect the surrounding environment and thus we need a good solution for hardly the wastes.

The objective of this work is to evaluate the flexural behaviour of concrete beams using partially replacement of cement with bagasse ash. There different replacement percentage level of 10%, 20% and 30%were used in this study. Out of which 20% was identified optimum replacement level through the testing of control specimens. A total of four beams were cast for the present study. Two beams served as control beam and another two beams was cast with 20% bagasse ash replacement the beams were 125mm X 250mm cross section and 3200mm long. The beams were tested under four point bending over a span of 3000mm.sufficient data was obtained on the strength and deformations characteristics of control beam as well as bagasse ash replaced beam. The study of parameters considered for this study included first crack load, deflection at first crack load, yield load, deflection at yield load, ultimate load and deflection at ultimate load.

Key words: Bagasse Ash, ControlBeams and Mechanical Properties

About The Author:

Sp.Aswinpalaniappan M.E.,*

Member of American Concrete Institute

Sri Raaja Raajan College of Engineering and Technology

Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630301

STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAM WITH PREFABRICATED RC PLATE

STRENGTHENING OF RC BEAM WITH PREFABRICATED RC PLATE

In retrofitting of Reinforced concrete (RC) beams which are insufficient in terms of shear and flexural capacities are strengthened by various methods. Steel and fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) plate bonding methods are very widely used in strengthening of beams. Strengthening methods such as bonding steel and FRP plates have deficiencies as corrosion, fire and buckling. In this work, it is aimed to strengthen damaged RC beams using prefabricated RC rectangular plate. The rectangular cross-sectional plates were bonded to the bottom side of the beams by rods and epoxy. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical values. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical values In addition; post-elastic strength enhancement and displacement ductility of beams were investigated. The advantages of this method do not require shuttering, concrete and steel workmanships in situ. Also, the application of this method is very easy and result in reduction in retrofitting cost compared to other methods.

About The Author:

Sp.Aswinpalaniappan M.E.,*

Member of American Concrete Institute

Sri Raaja Raajan College of Engineering and Technology

Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630301

CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF HIGH VOLUME        FLYASH CONCRETE WITH ADDITION OF OPTIMUM % OF COIR AND GLASS FIBER 

The use of concrete containing high volume fly ash has recently gained popularity as a resource efficient , durable and sustainable option for a variety of concrete applications. The addition of natural fibre into fresh concrete can increase the ductility of the concrete matrix. Economic and other related factors in many developing countries where natural fibres are abundant , demand that engineers apply appropriate technology to utilize the natural fibres as effectively and economically as possible. To evaluate the efficiency of coir and glass fibres in improving the properties of the concrete the performance of plain concrete is used as a reference. Compressive strength , modulus of elasticity , split tensile strength , flexural strength , durability tests such as water absorption and acid resistance were determined for all fibre reinforced concrete and plain concrete specimen. The current manuscript deals with subject of addition of natural and artificial fibres to concrete in order to study the strength properties. . The increase in cube compressive strength for fly ash based fiber concrete with respected to the age is generally less than that for plain concrete. The maximum flexural strength obtained for high volume flyash and fibre content 0.15% of coir fiber and 1.5% of glass fiber was 5N/mm2 and that for plain concrete was 2.82N/mm2. The corresponding strength improvement is 43.65%. It is seen that high volume flyash concrete and plain portland cement concrete shared a nearly equal strian value of the point of maximum stress. . The performance of 50% fly ash replaced concrete is better than the plain concrete against acid exposure.SEM provides an excellent technique for examining the surface morphology of fibres. Selective natural waste materials at large are utilized to improve the strength and ductility properties of concrete. From the EDAX spectra recorded, calcium is the main mineral component, but silicon, aluminium and even potassium is well augmented.  

Keywords : Coir fiber , Glass fiber , Compressive strength , Durability   

About The Author:

Sp.Aswinpalaniappan M.E.,*

Member of American Concrete Institute

Sri Raaja Raajan College of Engineering and Technology

Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630301

Retrofitting of damaged reinforced concrete beams with a new green cementitious composites material

Retrofitting of damaged reinforced concrete beams with a new green cementitious composites material

Significance Statement

Overloading of concrete structures leads to short lifetime of structure or even collapse during extreme cases. Rehabilitation of damaged concrete structures in order to meet requirements after carrying high permissible load is a better alternative to demolishing and rebuilding due to present economic climate condition.

Ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite UHPFRCC have been successfully applied in retrofitting or strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. CARDIFRC, one of the techniques of UHPFRCC has benefitting features such as tensile strength, stiffness and coefficient of linear thermal expansion which are comparable with that of parent member material.

 However, CARDIFRC requires high cement content which does not enhance concrete properties but increases emission of greenhouse gases contributing to global warming. In order to overcome this problem, a green-USM-reinforced concrete which has lesser cement content (< 360Kg/m³) compared to 744Kg/m³ of CARDIFRC is currently being developed in Universiti Sains Malaysia USM.

Research conducted by Dr. Aldahdooh and colleagues expanded their findings on green-USM-reinforced concrete GUSMRC as a new green retrofitting material. The work published in Composite Structures examined its flexural behaviors such as crack development, crack modes, flexural capacity and deflection capacity of a reinforced concrete before and after retrofitting

Results from crack development in reinforced concrete beams before retrofitting showed that recorded failure load of three beams of G(0) members was between the range of 37KN to 39.68KN and their failure mode was due to diagonal tension. The third beam reached the highest load of 39.68KN (cycle 16).

The beam A-T20-R20KN-B1 was selected with shear tension failure as the worst failure case. The beam failed when load reached the ultimate capacity of 55.25KN (cycle 22). Compared with results of reinforced concrete before retrofitting, the increase in ultimate failure load of the beam reached 41.3%.

Difference between failure load capacity of both GUSMRC and CARDIFRC were insignificant and at 30KN and 40KN, beams retrofitted with CARDIFRC strips were slightly larger than those of beams retrofitted with GUSMRC concrete strips in terms of ratio of mid-span deflection of beams after retrofitting to before retrofitting

This study proves that GUSMRC can effectively serve as a good retrofitting material.     

Figure Legend :Procedures for bonding the retrofitting GUSMRC strips.
       (a)1^st step                                                          (b) 2^nd step 

  


(C) Last step for this type of retrofitting



(d) Last step for this type of retrofitting
Figure Legend 2: Casting of GUSMRC strips for retrofitting


Figure Legend 3: Steel fiber distribution inside GUSMRC strips

Thanks to 

About The Author

Majed A. A. Aldahdooh was born in Palestine in 1987. He received the B.Sc. degree in civil engineering from the Islamic University of Gaza (IUG), in 2009, the M.Sc. & Ph.D. degrees in structural engineering from the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), in 2011 and 2014. Respectively. He is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Buraimi, Sultanate of Oman.

His main areas of research interest are structural design, structural retrofitting, concrete technology and structural health monitoring. Along with his experience in teaching and research; he has several awards including the Ph.D. Fellowship from the USM (2011-2014), the best Ph.D. research award from the USM (2014) and several awards for the excellent achievement in journal publications with high impact factor.

About The Author

Norazura Muhamad Bunnori (PhD) has been involved in Acoustic Emission (AE) technique and concrete technologies since 2004 while she was pursuing her PhD study at Cardiff University, Wales, UK. She was graduated from Cardiff University in 2008 and continues with the AE and concrete research areas at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia. Currently she is working as an Associate Professor at School of Civil Engineering, USM since 2009.

The research covered several topics of AE applications and analysis (quantitative and qualitive) and concrete technologies. The aims are to continue the AE study especially in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) and concrete technologies research areas and to discover more in these potential areas. The passion towards AE and concrete are deep and she believes that there are a great number of information can be studied and discovered. 

About The Author

Dr. Megat Johari is presently a professor at the School of Civil Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. He specializes in Concrete Materials and Technology. He has been teaching Concrete Technology, Civil Engineering Materials, Construction Technology and Structural Retrofitting Technology courses.

He obtained his PhD and MSc (Eng) degrees from Leeds University in 2001 and 1996, respectively, and BSc degree from Ohio Northern University in 1990. He has successfully supervised and co-supervised more than twenty Master and Phd students, where many of them were international students. He has authored and co-authored more than 70 papers, which have been published in refereed journals and proceedings. The published papers have received more than 700 citation based on scopus.

He has served as manuscript reviewer for many international journal such as Construction and Building Materials, Cement and Concrete Research, Materials and Structures, Journal of Hazardous Materials, International Journal of Environment and Waste Management, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management and a few other international journals.

Dr. Megat Johari is currently serving as editorial board member for Malaysian Construction Research Journal and Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology. He has been actively involved as speaker in seminars and short courses related to concrete durability, assessment, maintenance as well as repair and strengthening. Besides, he has undertaken many testing and consultancy works related to evaluation of concrete in existing structures.

About The Author

Ali S. Alnuaimi, Associate Professor in Civil and Architecture Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. Dr. Ali earned his Ph.D. from Glasgow University, UK and his M.Sc. from University of Southern California, USA.

His research expertise focuses on structural design and analysis and estimating construction cost. He published more than 42 refereed journal papers and 33 conference papers. He supervised/co-supervised more than 30 BSc, 10 MSc and 3 PhD research projects. Dr. Ali has vast industrial experience as civil and structural engineer as well as director of projects and maintenance. 

About The Author

Ahmad Jamrah is a full professor of civil and environmental engineering with the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Jordan in Amman, Jordan. Dr Jamrah is currently the Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Buraimi in the Sultanate of Oman. Dr Jamrah teaches and conducts research the areas of civil and environmental engineering. 

Journal Reference
Majed. A.A. Aldahdooh¹ ,  Muhamad Bunnori², A. Megat Johari², Ahmad Jamrah¹, Ali Alnuaimi³. Retrofitting of damaged reinforced concrete beams with a new green cementitious composites material,  Composite Structures, Volume 142,  2016, Pages 27–34.